Biological waste gas treatment processes play a crucial role in managing emissions from industrial operations, and various methods have evolved to meet environmental standards. Among these, biofilters, biotrickling filters, and activated sludge systems represent the forefront of technological advancements. Biofilters utilize a layer of organic material to trap and biodegrade pollutants, while biotrickling filters enhance this by combining biological treatment with continuous liquid circulation, which optimizes the interaction between microorganisms and contaminants. This synergy leads to higher efficiency, especially for odorous compounds.
Furthermore, membrane bioreactors (MBR) and phytoremediation are gaining traction in the quest for sustainable solutions. MBRs integrate biological treatment with membrane filtration, allowing for the removal of particulates and pathogens, thus enhancing gas treatment efficiency. On the other hand, phytoremediation employs plants to absorb, accumulate, and detoxify gases, presenting a green alternative that emphasizes ecosystem preservation. Each of these processes has unique advantages, and their comparative analysis reveals that while traditional methods like biofilters are cost-effective and simple to operate, advanced techniques like MBRs offer higher treatment efficiency and more stringent purification standards.